• br Introduction AMPA receptors AMPARs mediate the majority o

  2023-04-10

  

  Introduction AMPA receptors (AMPARs) mediate the majority of fast excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in the AI-10-49 (Jonas, 2000). The brevity of EPSCs and rapid deactivation of AMPARs depend upon a short lifetime of synaptically released glutamate, estimated to be about 1 ms (Clements et

• Among all the compounds the novel L derivative d showed

  2023-04-07

  

  Among all the compounds, the novel L-748,337 derivative (23d) showed the potent human β3-AR antagonist activity and high lipolysis inhibitory activity in vitro. The ethionamide 23d displayed 23-fold more potent β3-AR antagonist activity (EC50 = 0.5117 nM) than that of L-748,337 (EC50 = 11.91 nM) and

• We observed PACAP immunoreactivity in the molecular layer of

  2023-04-07

  

  We observed PACAP2 immunoreactivity in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex in zebrafish. This result is consistent with the reporting of PACAP immunoreactivity in the soma and fibers of Purkinje cells and the presence of PACAP mRNA in the Purkinje-cell and granular-cell layers in rats [43].

• MicroRNA miRNA is an abundant

  2023-04-07

  

  MicroRNA (miRNA) is an abundant group of small (22-nucleotide) noncoding RNA molecules that directly binds with 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to regulate gene expression, playing an important role in variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, apopto

• br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune diseas

  2023-04-07

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies against targets on the postsynaptic muscle membrane cause neuromuscular transmission failure. About 85% of patients with MG have autoantibodies against RK-33 receptor (AChR) [1]. In AChR negative MG patients antibodi

• The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated

  2023-04-07

  

  The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated as the sum of hydropathy values of all the amino acids, divided by the number of residues in the sequence (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982). According to Kyte and Doolittle (1982) integral membrane proteins typically have higher GRAVY scores than do globular prot

• br ACL A Metabolic Checkpoint

  2023-04-07

  

  ACL: A Metabolic Checkpoint for Sensing Excess Nutrients? During normal transitions between fasting and feeding, cells maintain energy homeostasis by integrating energy and nutrient status signals at key metabolic nodes, coordinating multiple processes. For example, the AMP-activated protein kina

• Another factor that is involved in the severity of

  2023-04-06

  

  Another factor that is involved in the severity of EAE is apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), which is one of a growing number of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinases identified in the upstream of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK pathways [12]. We previously report

• Antioxidative enzymes such as SOD and CAT play

  2023-04-06

  

  Antioxidative enzymes such as SOD and CAT play prominent roles in protecting against oxidative stress and extending food freshness due to their ability in scavenging active oxygen species for maintaining cell membrane integrity. Evidence shows that activities of SOD and CAT are positively affected b

• 46619 The approach of enzymatically converting an analyte

  2023-04-06

  

  The approach of enzymatically converting an analyte and detecting it by the resulting small pH changes near the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surface has successfully been pursued in case of urea (Piccinini et al., 2017). Furthermore, this work reported that electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) assembl

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2023-04-06

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The current treatment modalities for colorectal cancer are hampered by various issues such as high acquired resistance, long-term complication with potential of cancer recurrence, severe side-effects and poor therapeutic index [50], [51], [52]. Compl

• br Consequences of central apelin APJ modulation Regarding

  2023-04-06

  

  Consequences of central apelin/APJ modulation Regarding extra-hypothalamic actions, recent data demonstrate that the central apelin/APJ system could be a potential new target for the regulation of memory (Han et al., 2014). Then, intracerebroventricular (icv) apelin administration in mice impairs

• 15-deoxy-Δ-12,14-Prostaglandin J2 The transcription factor a

  2023-04-06

  

  The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor whose activity is controlled by agents that perturb intracellular thiol concentrations [10,11]. AP-1 is mainly composed of Jun, Fos, and ATF protein dimers [12,13]. AP-1 mediates the regulation of numerous

• protein phosphatase inhibitor Although many factors influenc

  2023-04-06

  

  Although many factors influence the effects of medications, during recent years it has become evident that genetic factors could explain the differences between individuals in drug response. These differences are due to variants in genes encoding drug targets [8]. The challenge for pharmacogenetics

• Another class of AMPK regulator is

  2023-04-06

  

  Another class of AMPK regulator is peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1), which binds to a number of proteins and regulates oncogenesis and metabolic diseases (Khanal et al., 2013; Zhou and Lu, 2016). Pin1 has been shown to bind to and inhibit AMPK; therefore, at lea

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