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Subsequently BAs are secreted in the
2021-09-15
Subsequently, BAs are secreted in the portal vein by the heterodimeric organic solute transporter OSTα/β [15]. At this level, BAs are transported back to the liver, where the great majority is reabsorbed by the sodium (Na)-Taurocholate Cotransporter Protein (NTCP) and organic anion transporting poly
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The first FPR ligand described is
2021-09-15
The first FPR1 ligand described is the fMLF peptide, which binds with high affinity (in the nM range) to and activates FPR1. Formylated peptides derived from Listeria monocytogenes also selectively activate FPR1 [10] (Table 1). Formylation of peptides also occurs in mitochondria. Thus, the release o
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Alrestatin Further our data demonstrate a role
2021-09-15
Further, our data demonstrate a role for mitochondrial AIF in oxidative cell death induced by RSL3. We found that AIF knockdown using siRNA completely protected the Alrestatin against RSL3 induced oxidative stress. Similar to other pathways of caspase-independent programmed cell death, mitochondria
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More specific quantitative assays for
2021-09-15
More specific quantitative assays for DiXaIs are based on the inhibition of chromogenic or clotting activity of Factor Xa. During drug development, Kubitza developed an endogenous Anti-Factor Xa assay [45], which is very sensitive to Rivaroxaban drug concentration. This assay was based on Factor Xa
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br Concluding Remarks One of the
2021-09-15
Concluding Remarks One of the remarkable features of Hippo signaling is its sensitivity to the cytoskeleton and mechanical forces. Progress has been made recently in identifying molecular mechanisms by which the cytoskeleton can influence Hippo signaling, but among the many outstanding questions
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According to the literature HER
2021-09-15
According to the literature, HER2 mutations are present in 2–4% of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients. Most HER2 mutations are in-frame insertional mutations occurring at exon 20 in the protein kinase domain [[2], [3], [4], [5]]. Although several small molecules and HER2 BMS 193885 receptor have be
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br Regulation of HO expression under conditions of
2021-09-15
Regulation of HO-1 expression under conditions of ischemic cardiac damage Heart is a vital organ with high metabolic demand, rich in mitochondria and it is very vulnerable to oxidative damage [85]. Disruption in coronary blood flow following MI leads to hypoxia (a reduction in the amount of avail
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Vandetanib hydrochloride br Conflict of interest statement
2021-09-15
Conflict of interest statement Introduction The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted protein signals patterns many tissues and structures during embryogenesis (Chiang et al., 1996, Dessaud et al., 2008, Ingham, 1993) and, post-embryonically, governs tissue homeostasis and regeneration by regulatin
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br Conclusion br Conflict of interest
2021-09-15
Conclusion Conflict of interest References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements Introduction Free fatty acids (FFAs) are essential nutrients that contribute to various cellular functio
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Shikonin represents naphtoquinonic compound isolated from
2021-09-14
Shikonin represents naphtoquinonic compound isolated from the Chinese plant Lithospermum erythrorhizon[20]. Shikonin treatment inhibits AKT and ERK signaling pathways and induces apoptosis through FOXO transcription factors and mitochondrial pathway [21], [22]. Recent results suggest inhibition of l
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With the exception of R none of the other
2021-09-14
With the exception of R5.40310, none of the other residues would appear to be in a position to mediate direct agonist interactions in the active state GLP-1R structures. ECL2 within the GLP-1R is important for affinity and efficacy of both extended and processed GLP-1 peptides [24]. Though distal fr
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br The small conductance Ca
2021-09-14
The small conductance Ca-activated K+ (SKCa; SK, SKCa, KCa2) channels are recognized as a subfamily of KCa channels (Bond, Maylie, & Adelman, 1999). The SKCa channel is encoded by three distinct genes, KCNN1, KCNN2, and KCNN3 with different sensitivities toward apamin. Different with BKCa channels
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The present in vitro experiments confirm
2021-09-14
The present in vitro experiments confirm previous suppositions (Ciosek, Gałecka, 2011, Izdebska, Ciosek, 2010) that Gal modulates AVP and OT release by acting at every level of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system. In fact, both 10−10 M and 10−8 M Gal diminished basal release of AVP and OT from t
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br Conflict of interest br Introduction Milk
2021-09-14
Conflict of interest Introduction Milk and dairy products are nutritious foods that provide lactose, calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and proteins, among other nutrients, which have been reported to have a fundamental role in bone development and healthy diets. An adequate consumption of dairy
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449 synthesis Prior models suggest that the terminal ends
2021-09-14
Prior models suggest that the terminal ends of the endocrine FGFs individually determine FGFR and KLB recognition, with little or no cross-talk. Our results confirm that short C-terminal sequences are necessary and sufficient to bind KLB and, supportive of a common mechanism, the underlying structur
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