• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements We thank Ann

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  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We thank Ann Jackman, Mike Ormerod and members of Julian Downward's and Alan Ashworth's groups for helpful discussions. This work was supported by grant number PEM/GME/D391/40 from the Kidani Trust (S. Kaye) and by Keele University. Introduction Autota

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cancer is the leading cau

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  Acknowledgments Introduction Cancer is the leading cause of mortality in the United States for those between the ages of 40–79 years, surpassing heart diseases by more than 100,000 deaths [1]. The cause of most cancer subtypes remains idiopathic and may arise out of ‘bad luck’ among otherwise

• b 35 br Introduction In addition to

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  Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric b 35 cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites that stimulate and/or su

• CNO in vivo studies Telomerase action at the telomere is hig

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  Telomerase action at the telomere is highly regulated; it preferentially elongates the shortest telomeres, and recruitment of the enzyme complex to the telomere occurs in mid-S phase of the cell cycle (Bianchi and Shore, 2007, Britt-Compton et al., 2009, Teixeira et al., 2004, Hemann et al., 2001, T

• There is limited information regarding hyperargininemia

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  There is limited information regarding hyperargininemia incidence or prevalence. Reports of incidence vary by an order of magnitude: 0.5 to 5.0 per million [5], [6]. A relatively large U.S. study estimated 1.1 cases per million births [7], but it used an indirect methodology that introduces uncertai

• br Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and type

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  Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and type 2 diabetes Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for several weeks become obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant. Acute apelin treatment by intravenous injection or by infusion during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp in obese and i

• DMPO It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism

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  It has been proposed that a PrP pathogenic mechanism is a toxic gain of function secondary to the misfolding of mutated PrP. However, such a mechanism might not apply to all mutant PrP species, since some mutations had little effect on the stability and folding kinetics of PrP (Swietnicki et al., 19

• br Removal of therapeutic doses of antibiotics from Marek s

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  Removal of therapeutic doses of calcitonin gene related peptide from Marek’s Disease Vaccines The impact of this change seems to vary widely among operations, probably dependent on the pre-existing quality of hatching egg production, hatchery sanitation, hatchery management, and brooding managem

• Interestingly metabolic dysfunction is also observed in amyo

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  Interestingly, metabolic dysfunction is also observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients and mouse models of familial ALS exhibit higher levels of resting Caspase-1 enzyme assay expenditure and lower fat-free mass, indicating a hypermetabolic phenotype. Lim et al. (2012) found that re

• Here we provide evidence that

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  Here, we provide evidence that NO contributes to changes in synaptic strength, but also offer an explanation as to why previous attempts to link NO to LTP have often failed. Our results describe a model by which cycling AMPARs, held in intracellular pools, are rapidly delivered to the membrane surfa

• br Depletion of serum amino acids Currently

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  Depletion of serum amino acids Currently, the only anticancer agents that directly target amino DMG PEG conjugation metabolism are bacterial l-asparaginases (from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi), which are FDA-approved for treatment of pediatric and adult ALL. A potential complication

• br Disclosures br Author contributions br Grants

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  Disclosures Author contributions Grants This work was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute MERIT Award R37 HL040696 to J.A.F. Acknowledgments Introduction The AGC kinases, named after the protein A, G and C kinases, are an evolutionaril

• Introduction hydroxytryptamine HT is found throughout the bo

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  Introduction 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is found throughout the body and influences smooth muscle activity in various tissues including the intestine, vasculature and urinary Gadolinium chloride solution (Kim and Camilleri, 2000, Klarskov and Horby-Petersen, 1986, Mohammad-Zadeh et al., 2008). The

• Bioactive peptides contain amino acids

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  Bioactive peptides contain 2–20 amino acids with possible bioactivities including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and opioid activity [9], [10], [11]. There has been a great interest in antihypertensive peptides for their efficiency in lowering blood pressure. The antihyper

• For some fishstocks landed by

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  For some fishstocks landed by FMA3 ACE fishers, the designated Quota Management Area (QMA) extends beyond the geographic demarcations of FMA3.Fig. 1 shows the ten FMAs, highlighting the study area FMA3. Gurnard 3 QMA is included as an example of a QMA that carboxypeptidase extends across more than o

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